After the League of Nations, the United Nations was Published

 By Akhmad Zamroni

Source: Anadolu Agency

The League of Nations (LBB) was founded on January 10, 1920, almost exactly a year after the 1919 Paris Peace Conference was held. The Paris Peace Conference was a conference held by the winners of World War I, namely the Allies, to negotiate a peace treaty with the losing side of the war, namely the Central Powers. The Paris Peace Conference was held on January 18, 1919, at the Palace of Versailles, Paris, France.

The formation of the League of Nations is closely related to World War I which lasted for four years, namely 28 July 1914–11 November 1918. The establishment of the League of Nations was intended to restore international security and peace that was torn apart by World War I. President of the United States Woodrow Wilson, was the figure who first came up with the idea of ​​establishing the League of Nations. Ironically enough, the United States itself was never a member of the League of Nations. When it was formed, the League of Nations had 42 member states.

The role and functions of the League of Nations, among others, are to disarm, prevent the outbreak of war through collective security, resolve conflicts between countries through negotiation and diplomacy, and improve the welfare of the international community (global). Initially UN was quite successful in carrying out its functions, but then failed to prevent the Axis (Germany, Italy and Japan) invasion. The Axis Block attack triggered the outbreak of World War II which lasted for six years (1 September 1939–2 September 1945).

World War II is estimated to have killed more than 73 million people (61 million people on the Allied side; 12 million people on the Axis side) and is currently the deadliest war that claimed the largest casualties in the history of human civilization. The inability of the League of Nations to prevent the outbreak of World War II reflects its failure as a world institution tasked with and responsible for creating world peace and order. This triggered concerns that if new actions were not taken regarding the existence of the League of Nations, World War III could break out in the future, so that this institution was officially dissolved (on April 18, 1945).

As a substitute for the League of Nations, a new organization which was given the title United Nations (United Nations or UN) was formed on October 24, 1945. The United Nations was formed to promote international cooperation and prevent conflicts. Headquartered in New York, United States, the United Nations had 51 member states when it was first founded. Apart from New York, other UN offices were established in Geneva (Switzerland), Vienna (Austria), and Nairobi (Kenya). The UN is funded by fees and contributions from member countries.

The United Nations was founded on the basis of the United Nations Charter signed on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco, United States. The UN Charter is a UN constitution signed by 50 countries. The UN Charter was declared to come into force on 24 October 1945 after being ratified by the five founding members of the United Nations, namely the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China, as well as many other countries. The UN Charter consists of a preambule and articles which are grouped into 19 chapters.

After the dissolution of the League of Nations, the formation of the United Nations became the hang of the international community in its efforts to create world peace, security and order. The League of Nations was dissolved because it was proven that it failed to prevent the world from major war and was unable to bring peace. After its dissolution, the international community has pinned its hopes on the United Nations. The United Nations itself was established with the following objectives:

•    maintaining world peace and security;

•    promote and promote brotherly relations among nations through respect for human rights;

•    fostering international cooperation in economic, social, cultural and environmental development;

•    become the center for harmonizing all collective actions against countries that endanger world peace; and

•    provide humanitarian assistance in the event of famine, natural disasters and armed conflict.

 

The principles of the United Nations are as follows:

•    All members have equality and sovereignty.

•    Each member will resolve all conflicts in a peaceful manner without jeopardizing peace, security and justice.

•    Each member provides assistance to the United Nations in accordance with the UN Charter.

•    The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of a country (other countries).